Which port on the condenser serves as the water inlet in a distillation apparatus?

In a distillation apparatus, the water inlet for the condenser is located at the port farthest from the round-bottom flask. This configuration is essential for efficient cooling of the condenser. When water enters the condenser from the bottom and exits from the top, it ensures that the entire length of the condenser tubing is utilized for heat exchange. Cold water flows in from the bottom, displacing warmer water that rises and exits from the top, providing optimal cooling of the vapor as it condenses back into liquid form.

Using the water inlet at the bottom allows for a continuous flow of cooling water, maximizing the condenser's efficiency by ensuring that the vapor encounters cooler surfaces as it moves upward. Therefore, this design prevents hot spots and maintains steady cooling throughout the distillation process, promoting effective condensation.