What is the primary function of a centrifuge in organic laboratories?

The primary function of a centrifuge in organic laboratories is to separate components of a mixture based on density. This separation occurs through the application of centrifugal force, which enhances the sedimentation process of particles within a liquid medium. When samples are subjected to high rotational speeds, the denser components move outward to the bottom of the container, allowing them to be separated from less dense components. This technique is particularly useful in various applications, such as isolating precipitates from a solution, purifying cells, or separating different phases in liquid-liquid extractions.

The other choices involve processes that do not adequately represent the primary purpose of a centrifuge. Mixing chemical reactants is commonly achieved using stirrers or shakers, heating samples uniformly is typically done with equipment like water baths or heating mantles, and distillation of liquids is carried out using distillation apparatus designed for vaporization and condensation, which is distinct from the separation method employed by a centrifuge. Understanding the role of a centrifuge is crucial for its effective use in organic laboratory techniques and for achieving precise separation of mixtures.